Cyrillic
Daur Language
Daur written with Cyrillic in 1916 orthography
In 1916, Qin Tongfu (钦同甫) create this writing system. This writing system was once promoted in Butha. The writing system therefore may record the Daur phonology based on the Butha dialect.
According to Wu (2015) 1, the alphabet is shown below:
б
b
/p/
п
p
/pʰ/
м
m
/m/
в
w
/w/
ф
f
/f/
д
d
/t/
т
t
/tʰ/
с
s
/s/
ц
z
/s/
н
n
/n/
л
l
/l/
р
r
/r/
ж
ź
/t͡ʃ/
ч
ć
/t͡ʃʰ/
ш
ś
/ʃ/
й
y
/j/
г
g
/k/
к
k
/kʰ/
х
h
/x/
нг
ng
/ŋ/
а
a
/a/
я
ā
/ja/
о
o
/o/
э
e
/ə, e/
у
u
/u/
ю
ū
/ju/
и
i
/i/
і
ī
/ji/
ы
î
/i/
ъ
ŷ
/ʔ/
ь
x̂
/ʲ/
Remark:
- The relationship between letters and phoneme is entirely inferred. After the letters were known to be used, we assigned each letter a corresponding phoneme.
- ⟨v⟩ is considered in some literature to record /t͡sʰ/, which is here incorporated into /s/.
- The functions of ⟨ъ⟩ and ⟨ь⟩ are modelled on the Russian situation.
Daur written with Cyrillic in 1956 orthography
In May 1956, a scientific symposium on the Mongolian language was held in Hohhot city. The draft of the writing system was discussed at the meeting, and was sent out for extensive consultation and trial teaching in some areas, which received a favorable response; a working conference on the Daur language was held in Hohhot in December, and the writing system was adopted. The writing system records the Daur phonology based on the Nawen subdialect (纳文土语), Butha dialect (布特哈方言) in Molidawa Daur autonomous banner (莫利达瓦达斡尔族自治旗), Hulunbuir city (呼伦贝尔市).
According to Wu (2015) 1, the alphabet is shown below:
б
b
/p/
п
p
/pʰ/
м
m
/m/
в
w
/w/
ф
f
/f/
д
d
/t/
т
t
/tʰ/
з
z
/t͡s/
ц
c
/t͡sʰ/
с
s
/s/
н
n
/n/
л
l
/l/
р
r
/r/
ж
ź
/t͡ʃ/
ч
ć
/t͡ʃʰ/
ш
ś
/ʃ/
й
y
/j/
г
g
/k/
к
k
/kʰ/
х
h
/x/
нг
ng
/ŋ/
а
a
/a/
я
ā
/ja/
о
o
/o/
ё
ō
/jo/
э
e
/ə, e/
е
ē
/jə, je/
у
u
/u/
ю
ū
/ju/
и
i
/i/
ы
î
/i/
ъ
ŷ
/ʔ/
ь
x̂
/ʲ/
Remark:
- The relationship between letters and phoneme is entirely inferred. After the letters were known to be used, we assigned each letter a corresponding phoneme.
- The functions of ⟨ъ⟩ and ⟨ь⟩ are similar to Russian written with Cyrillic.
Uygur Language
Uygur written with Cyrillic in 1957 orthography
In May 1954, the State Council approved the report on helping creating writing systems, and suggested that it is possible to use Cyrillic letters for writing systems in Xinjiang. From August 13 to 22, 1956, the scientific symposium on the Xinjiang languages adopted the draft of this writing system.
According to Xinjiang Daily (1957) 2, the alphabet is shown below:
б
b
/b/
п
p
/pʰ/
м
m
/m/
ф
f
/f/
в
w
/w/
д
d
/d/
т
t
/tʰ/
н
n
/n/
л
l
/l/
р
r
/r/
з
z
/z/
с
s
/s/
җ
ź
/d͡ʒ/
ч
ć
/t͡ʃʰ/
ш
ś
/ʃ/
ж
ṣ́
/ʒ/
й
y
/j/
г
g
/ɡ/
к
k
/kʰ/
ҳ
h
/h/
ң
ṅ
/ŋ/
қ
ḵ
/qʰ/
ғ
ḡ
/ʁ/
х
ẖ
/χ/
и
i
/i/
е
e
/e/
ә
é
/ɛ/
а
a
/ɑ/
о
o
/o/
ѳ
ö
/ø/
у
u
/u/
ү
ü
/y/
ъ
ŷ
/ʔ/
Remark:
- ⟨ъ⟩ is used to indicate a pause, like Russian written with Cyrillic. See also Uygur written with Arabic ⟨ئ⟩.
Kazak Language
Kazak written with Cyrillic in 1957 orthography
In May 1954, the State Council approved the report on helping creating writing systems, and suggested that it is possible to use Cyrillic letters for writing systems in Xinjiang. From August 13 to 22, 1956, the scientific symposium on the Xinjiang languages adopted the draft of this writing system.
According to Xinjiang Daily (1957) 2, the alphabet is shown below:
б
b
/b/
п
p
/pʰ/
м
m
/m/
у
w
/w/
у
w̄
/uw, yw/
ф
f
/f/
в
v
/v/
д
d
/d/
т
t
/tʰ/
н
n
/n/
л
l
/l/
р
r
/r/
з
z
/z/
с
s
/s/
ж
ź
/d͡ʒ/
ч
ć
/t͡ʃʰ/
ш
ś
/ʃ/
й
y
/j/
и
ȳ
/əj, ɨj/
г
g
/ɡ/
к
k
/kʰ/
ң
ṅ
/ŋ/
қ
ḵ
/qʰ/
х
ẖ
/χ/
ғ
ḡ
/ʁ/
һ
h
/h/
а
a
/ɑ/
ә
é
/æ/
е
ê
/e/
э
è
/ɛ/
ы
e
/ə/
і
i
/ɨ/
о
o
/o/
ѳ
ö
/ø/
ұ
u
/u/
ү
ü
/y/
ъ
ŷ
/ʔ/
ь
x̂
/ʲ/
ц
c
/ts/
щ
ĉ
/tʃ/
я
ā
/jɑ/
ё
ō
/jo/
ю
ū
/ju/
Remark:
- ⟨ъ⟩ and ⟨ь⟩ are similar to Russian written with Cyrillic.
- ⟨э⟩, ⟨щ⟩, ⟨я⟩, ⟨ё⟩ and ⟨ю⟩ are used for loan words.
Kirgiz Language
Kirgiz written with Cyrillic in 1957 orthography
In May 1954, the State Council approved the report on helping creating writing systems, and suggested that it is possible to use Cyrillic letters for writing systems in Xinjiang. From August 13 to 22, 1956, the scientific symposium on the Xinjiang languages adopted the draft of this writing system.
According to Xinjiang Daily (1957) 2, the alphabet is shown below:
б
b
/b/
п
p
/p/
м
m
/m/
в
w
/w, v/
ф
f
/f/
д
d
/d/
т
t
/t/
н
n
/n/
л
l
/l/
р
r
/r/
с
s
/s/
з
z
/z/
ж
ź
/d͡ʒ/
ч
ć
/t͡ʃ/
ш
ś
/ʃ/
й
y
/j/
г
g
/ɡ, ʁ/
к
k
/k, q/
ң
ṅ
/ŋ/
х
x
/χ/
ы
i
/i/
э
é
/e/
е
e
/ə/
а
a
/a/
ү
ü
/y/
ѳ
ö
/ø/
о
o
/o/
у
u
/u/
ъ
ŷ
/ʔ/
ь
x̂
/ʲ/
ц
c
/ts/
щ
ĉ
/tʃ/
я
ā
/jɑ/
и
ī
/ji/
ё
ō
/jo/
ю
ū
/ju/
Remark:
- ⟨ъ⟩ and ⟨ь⟩ are similar to Russian written with Cyrillic.
- ⟨ц⟩, ⟨щ⟩, ⟨я⟩, ⟨и⟩, ⟨ё⟩ and ⟨ю⟩ are used for loan words.
Mongolian Language
Mongolian written with Cyrillic in 1957 orthography
In May 1954, the State Council approved the report on helping creating writing systems, and suggested that it is possible to use Cyrillic letters for writing systems in Xinjiang. From August 13 to 22, 1956, the scientific symposium on the Xinjiang languages adopted the draft of this writing system.
According to Xinjiang Daily (1957) 2, the alphabet is shown below:
а
a
/ɑ/
е
e
/e/
э
é
/ɛ/
и
i
/i/
о
o
/ɔ/
у
u
/ʊ/
ѳ
ö
/ø/
ү
ü
/y/
н
n
/n/
б
b
/b/
п
p
/p/
х
h
/x/
г
g
/ɡ/
м
m
/m/
л
l
/l/
с
s
/s/
ш
ś
/ʃ/
т
t
/t/
д
d
/d/
ч
ć
/t͡ʃ/
ж
ź
/d͡ʒ/
з
z
/z/
ц
c
/t͡s/
й
y
/j/
р
r
/r/
в
w
/w/
ф
f
/f/
к
k
/k/
ъ
ŷ
/ʔ/
ь
x̂
/ʲ/
щ
ĉ
/st͡ʃ/
я
ā
/jɑ/
ы
ī
/ji/
ё
ō
/jo/
ю
ū
/ju/
Remark:
- ⟨ъ⟩ and ⟨ь⟩ are similar to Russian written with Cyrillic.
- ⟨э⟩, ⟨щ⟩, ⟨я⟩, ⟨ё⟩ and ⟨ю⟩ are used for loan words.
Sibe Language
Sibe written with Cyrillic in 1957 orthography
In May 1954, the State Council approved the report on helping creating writing systems, and suggested that it is possible to use Cyrillic letters for writing systems in Xinjiang. From August 13 to 22, 1956, the scientific symposium on the Xinjiang languages adopted the draft of this writing system.
According to Xinjiang Daily (1957) 2, the alphabet is shown below:
а
a
/a/
ы
e
/ə/
и
i
/i/
о
o
/ɔ/
у
u
/ʊ/
н
n
/n/
ң
ṅ
/ŋ/
к
k
/k/
қ
ḵ
/q/
г
g
/ɡ/
ғ
ḡ
/ɢ/
х
h
/x/
ҳ
ẖ
/χ/
б
b
/b/
п
p
/p/
с
s
/s/
ш
ś
/ʃ/
т
t
/t/
д
d
/d/
л
l
/l/
м
m
/m/
ч
ć
/t͡ʃ/
ж
ź
/d͡ʒ/
й
y
/j/
р
r
/r/
ф
f
/f/
в
w
/v/
ц
c
/t͡s/
з
z
/d͡z/
җ
ẑ
/d͡ʐ/
ь
x̂
/ʲ/
я
ā
/jɑ/
е
ē
/je/
ё
ō
/jo/
ү
ū
/ju/
Remark:
- ⟨ь⟩ is similar to Russian written with Cyrillic.
- ⟨я⟩, ⟨е⟩, ⟨ё⟩ and ⟨ү⟩ are used for loan words.
Uzbek Language
Uzbek written with Cyrillic in 1957 orthography
In 1940, Uzbek SSR was switched to the Cyrillic script. According to the resolution of the Xinjiang conference, this writing system was also adopted in Xinjiang.
The letters are shown below:
а
a
/æ/
б
b
/b/
в
v
/w/
г
g
/ɡ/
д
d
/d/
е
ē
/je, e/
ё
ō
/jo/
ж
ź
/d͡ʒ, ʒ/
з
z
/z/
и
i
/i/
й
y
/j/
к
k
/k/
л
l
/l/
м
m
/m/
н
n
/n/
нг
ṅ
/ŋ/
о
o
/ʌ/
п
p
/p/
р
r
/r/
с
s
/s/
т
t
/t/
у
u
/ʊ, y/
ф
f
/f/
х
x
/χ/
ц
c
/t͡s/
ч
ć
/t͡ʃ/
ш
ś
/ʃ/
ъ
ŷ
/ʔ/
ь
x̂
/ʲ/
э
é
/e/
ю
ū
/jʊ/
я
ā
/jæ/
ў
ū
/o, ø/
қ
ḵ
/q/
ғ
ḡ
/ʁ/
ҳ
h
/h/
Remark:
- ⟨ъ⟩ and ⟨ь⟩ are similar to Russian written with Cyrillic.
Tatar Language
Tatar written with Cyrillic in 1957 orthography
On 5 May 1939, Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of Tatar ASSR issued the decree ‘On switching Tatar writing from the Latin-based alphabet to an alphabet based on Russian glyphs’, and during a conference in July 1940, the Cyrillic alphabet was amended. The updated alphabet was accepted on 10 January 1941. According to the resolution of the Xinjiang conference, this writing system was also adopted in Xinjiang.
According to the standard Tatar Cyrillic alphabet, the letters are shown below:
а
a
/ɑ/
ә
ä
/ə/
б
b
/b/
в
v
/w/
г
g
/ɡ, ʁ/
д
d
/d/
е
ē
/je, e/
ё
ō
/jo/
ж
ẑ
/ʐ/
җ
ź
/d͡ʒ/
з
z
/z/
и
i
/i/
й
y
/j/
к
k
/k, q/
л
l
/l/
м
m
/m/
н
n
/n/
ң
ṅ
/ŋ/
о
o
/o/
ө
ö
/ø/
п
p
/p/
р
r
/r/
с
s
/s/
т
t
/t/
у
u
/u/
ү
ü
/y/
ф
f
/f/
х
x
/χ/
һ
h
/h/
ц
c
/ts/
ч
ć
/t͡ʃ/
ш
ś
/ʃ/
щ
ŝ
/tʃ/
ъ
ŷ
/ʔ/
ы
e
/ɛ/
ый
ë
/ɨ/
ь
x̂
/ʲ/
э
é
/e/
ю
ū
/ju, jy/
я
ā
/jɑ, jə/
Remark:
- ⟨ъ⟩ and ⟨ь⟩ are similar to Russian written with Cyrillic.
Russian Language
Russian written with Cyrillic in 1700 orthography
The letters are shown below:
а
a
/a/
б
b
/b/
в
v
/v/
г
g
/ɡ/
д
d
/d/
е
ē
/je/
ё
ō
/jo/
ж
ṣ
/ʐ/
з
z
/z/
и
i
/i/
й
y
/j/
к
k
/k/
л
l
/l/
м
m
/m/
н
n
/n/
о
o
/o/
п
p
/p/
р
r
/r/
с
s
/s/
т
t
/t/
у
u
/u/
ф
f
/f/
х
h
/x/
ц
c
/t͡s/
ч
ć
/t͡ɕ/
ш
ŝ
/ʂ/
щ
ś
/ɕɕ/
ъ
ŷ
/ʔ/
ы
î
/ɨ/
ь
x̂
/ʲ/
э
é
/ɛ/
ю
ū
/ju/
я
ā
/ja/
Remark:
- The letter ⟨ъ⟩ is a so-called “hard sign”, indicating a slight pause between syllables.
- The letter ⟨ь⟩ is a so-called “soft sign”, indicating that the preceding consonant is palatalized.
Reference
-
吴刚. 达斡尔文字的发展历程. In: 满语研究, 2015(1): pp. 70-73. ↩ ↩2